In the first century A.D. the Romans occupied this region (which is today's Transdanubia).
It became the Pannonia province, and its border was the river Danube.
The military settlement was situated on the site of today's buda, and there was also a civil settlement, called Aquincum.
Aquincum Civil Town
Aquincum was a civilian town surrounded by walls. The aquaeductus was built along its western side. The oval amphitheater, located outside the city wall to the north, was also a characteristic feature that defined the look of the city.
Artisans, tradesmen and vine-growers lived here, but in the fourth century the repeated attacks of the Barbarians forced the population to leave the city.
A forum quarters was formed here, with its belongings: the Imperial cult, the basilica, the great public baths and a row of tabernae.
In the southeastern and northern sections of the Civil Town lived craftspeople whose workshops (textile dying, bronze manufacturing) were located there as well.
The town itself was surrounded by an industrial district.
The ruins of the Aquincum Civil Town exhibited in the park around the museum.
The Civil Town amphitheater is the smaller of the two amphitheaters in Aquincum. It was built outside the city wall around the middle of the AD 2nd century.
Four to seven thousand people could be seated here to enjoy theater performances, sports events. It was also used to organize public events.
The water conduit, aquaeductus, was built in the first half of the AD 2nd century in order to secure water supplies in Aquincum. It carried drinking water all the way to the military amphitheater. The water flowed down this approximaterly 5 km long aquaeductus.
The fort's eastern gate, the Porta praetoria, is one of the four entrances to the fortress.
This was the main gate through which the main street, with columns lining both sides, lead to the fortress' center.
The northern city wall and gate formed part of the fortification system that was built, during the first half of the AD 2nd century.
The fort's southern gate was built during the second half of the AD 2nd century.
The public baths of the legionary fortress, the Thermae Maiores, were discovered during the first excavations in Aquincum in 1778 when one of the bath's halls came to light.
These ruins may be visited in the Bath Museum.
The bath served the refreshment and fitness of soldiers.
The Hercules villa One of the administrators homes was the Hercules Villa located in Meggyfa Street. The central core of this building must have been built during the first half of the AD 2nd century. At the beginning of the third century this building was expanded, equiped with floor-heating and decorated with mosaic floors. In the three rooms of the building, most of these mosaic floors collapsed into the channels heating system. Only details of the floor mosaics survived.
Mosaic floors decorated the separate baths as well. The walls were decorated with frescoes. Most of the restored specimens are on display in the permanent exhibit of the Aquincum Museum.
The amphitheater of the Military Town has an elliptical shape.
Similarly to other amphitheaters built in the Danube region, this building belongs to the group of earth amphitheatres.
The stand was built mainly of earth. that surrounded the arena.
It may have accomodated 10-13 thousand people.
Transaquincum is another counter fort which stood on the right, Pest bank side of the Danube river across from the legionary fortress.
A bridge led to the Buda side from this fort.
Contra Aquincum is an Aquincum fort, excavated on the right bank of the Danube by the Pest bridgehead of Erzsbet Bridge. It was built to secure safe passage across the Danube. It was probably built in AD 294.
The Albertfalva Roman fort and settlement Roman Albertfalva was located between the territories of Aquincum and Nagyttny (Campona). It played a strategically significant role as one of the important forts along the Empire's Pannonian limes. The Albertfalva fort accomodated a 500 man cavalry unit. It was rebuilt in stone after AD 106, and its area was expanded.
The civilian settlement that surrounded the Albertfalva fort was the 2nd biggest Roman settlement within the area of Budapest.
Campona - the fort of the Nagyttny auxiliary unit.
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